剑桥雅思18Test4Passage2阅读答案解析 The growth mindset 成长心态
剑桥雅思18阅读第四套题目第二篇文章的13道题由3道单项选择，6道人名观点匹配，和4道YES/NO/NOT GIVEN判断组成。因为题目采用了大量比较灵活的同义替换，需要大家对原文有较为深刻的理解，整体难度偏大。下面是具体每道题目的答案解析。
剑桥雅思18Test4Passage2阅读原文翻译 The growth mindset 成长心态
剑桥雅思18 Test4 Passage2阅读答案解析
老烤鸭雅思原创解析，请勿抄袭转载
第14题答案：B
对应原文：第1段：Then, in the early 20th century, progressive thinkers revolted against the notion that inherent ability is destiny. Instead, educators such as John Dewey argued that every child’s intelligence could be developed.
答案解析：第1段最后一句提到，20世纪早起，进步思想家开始反对能力与生俱来的命定论，而是认为每个孩子的智力都可以成长。B选项ideas about the nature of intelligence began to shift对应这一观念的变化，而when则对应early 20th century，因此确定其为正确答案。
第15题答案：C
对应原文：第2段：speeches on the mindset of great sporting heroes who simply believed their way to the top … coaxing students away from seeing failure as an indication of their ability, and towards seeing it as a chance to improve that ability.
答案解析：第2段中间提到，在学校中，我们能够听到很多有关伟大体育英雄心态的演讲。他们仅仅凭借信念就达到了顶峰。下文又说到，让学生把失败看作是提升的机会，即鼓励学生要相信自己，因此确定C为正确答案。
第16题答案：D
对应原文：第3段：the former took on only those tasks that would not risk their sense of worth … this ‘fixed mindset’ had led them to fear of failure and lack of effort.
答案解析：根据原文，固定心态的学生只接受那些不会对自己的价值感产生影响的任务，害怕失败，缺乏努力。D选项对此进行了较大幅度的同义替换，将害怕失败转化为不敢突破自己的极限。与此同时，其他选项在原文中都找不到合适的对应，因此确定D为正确答案。
第17题答案：C
对应原文：第5段：The statistician Andrew Gelman claims that ‘their research designs have enough degrees of freedom that they could take their data to support just about any theory at all’.
答案解析：统计学家安德鲁·吉尔曼（Andrew Gelman）声称：“他们的研究设计具有足够的自由度，以至于他们可以用数据支持几乎任何理论。”其中have enough degrees of freedom对应题干中的not strict enough，research designs对应methodology，由此确定C为正确答案。
第18题答案：B
对应原文：第6段：Dweck … In fact, she argues that her work has been misunderstood and misapplied in a range of ways.
答案解析：德韦克认为自己的研究在很多方面被误解和错误应用。其中her work对应the idea of growth mindset，misunderstood对应incorrectly interpreted，由此确定B为正确答案。
第19题答案：A
对应原文：第1段：The concept of intelligence as something innate … Psychologist Alfred Binet was one of many 19th-century scientists who held that earlier view
答案解析：文章一开始提到，早期人们认为智力是天生的。心理学家阿尔弗雷德·比奈和19世纪许多科学家一样坚持这一观点。其中intelligence对应题干中的intellectual ability，unchangeable feature对应innate，由此确定A为正确答案。
第20题答案：E
对应原文：第7段：Growth mindset supporters David Yeager and Gregory Walton … say that if adolescents perceive a teacher’s intervention as conveying that they are in need of help, this could undo its intended effects.
答案解析：第7段最后提到，成长心态的支持者大卫·耶格和格雷戈里·沃尔顿认为，如果青少年将老师的干预看作是他们需要帮助，这可能会适得其反，削弱干预的预期效果。即成长心态的干预措施要在学生意识不到的情况下进行。由此确定E为正确答案。
第21题答案：B
对应原文：第6段：She (Dweck) has also expressed concerns that her theories are being misappropriated in schools by being conflated with the self-esteem movement. This article is from laokaoya website. It’s not just a vehicle for making children feel good.
答案解析：德韦克认为，学校将其理论与自尊运动将混淆。该理论绝不仅仅是为了让孩子感觉良好。其中not simply对应not just，boosting students’ morale对应making children feel good，因此确定B为正确答案。
第22题答案：D
对应原文：第5段： Professor of Psychology Timothy Bates … notes that:’People with a growth mindset don’t cope any better with failure … Kids with the growth mindset aren’t getting better grades, either before or after our intervention study.’
答案解析：心理学教授蒂莫西·贝茨指出，孩子无论是在成长心态干预前还是干预后，成绩都没有变得更好。即成长心态对学习成绩没有什么影响，对应题干中的has no effect on academic achievement，由此确定D为正确答案。
第23题答案：YES
对应原文：第6段：Much of this criticism is not lost on Dweck, and she deserves great credit for responding to it and adapting her work accordingly.
答案解析：作者在第6段开头提到，德韦克对这些批评并没有视而不见，她对批评的回应和对自己工作的调整值得称赞。题干中handled对应responding和adapting，admirable对应deserves great credit，其他基本为原词，即所有主要信息点在原文中都能找到依据，因此判断答案为YES。
第24题答案：NO
对应原文：第8段：there is evidence to suggest that the actual effect of achievement on self-perception is stronger than the other way round.
答案解析：原文提到，实际成就对自我认知的影响要比反过来强烈得多。题干将这一对比关系颠倒了过来，因此判断答案为NO。
第25题答案：NOT GIVEN
对应原文：无
答案解析：原文并没有提到媒体报道的问题，题干属于无中生有，因此判断答案为NOT GIVEN。
第26题答案：YES
对应原文：第9段：It is hard to dispute that having faith in the capacity to change is a good attribute for students. Paradoxically, however, that aspiration is not well served by direct interventions that try to instill it.
答案解析：原文第9段提到，不可否认的是，对于学生来说，相信自己能够改变是一个好的品质。然而，矛盾的是，直接试图灌输这种愿望的干预措施并没有取得良好的效果。题干中deliberate attempts对应direct interventions，high achievement对应the capacity to change，而have a negative effect则对应not well served，即题干中所有信息点在原文中都能找到依据，由此判断答案为YES。
剑桥雅思18Test4Passage1阅读答案解析 Green roofs 绿色屋顶
