剑桥雅思12Test7Passage2阅读原文翻译 The Intersection of Health Sciences and Geography
剑桥雅思12阅读第七套题目第二篇文章的主题为地理与健康的交叉学科。文章分为8段，分别介绍了某些疾病更加常见的原因，地理位置影响人们的疾病种类，污染环境的影响，综合性学科健康地理学的诞生，以及该学科的研究内容，研究方法和存在价值等。下面是具体每一段的翻译。
点击查看这篇雅思阅读中需要大家掌握的重点词汇以及对应的答案解析：
雅思真题阅读词汇 剑桥雅思12 test 7 passage 2 健康与地理
剑桥雅思12Test7Passage2阅读答案解析 The Intersection of Health Sciences and Geography
剑桥雅思12 Test7 Passage2阅读原文翻译
段落A
While many diseases that affect humans have been eradicated due to improvements in vaccinations and the availability of healthcare, there are still areas around the world where certain health issues are more prevalent. In a world that is far more globalized than ever before, people come into contact with one another through travel and living closer and closer to each other. As a result, super-viruses and other infections resistant to antibiotics are becoming more and more common.
虽然由于疫苗接种的进步和健康服务的存在，许多影响人类的疾病已经被彻底消除，但世界上仍然有一些区域更为盛行某种特定的健康问题。在一个全球化程度前所未有的世界里，人们在旅行中彼此接触，住的也越来越密集。这样一来，对抗生素存在抗性的超级病毒和其他感染正变得越来越常见。
段落B
Geography can often play a very large role in the health concerns of certain populations. For instance, depending on where you live, you will not have the same health concerns as someone who lives in a different geographical region. Perhaps one of the most obvious examples of this idea is malaria-prone areas, which are usually tropical regions that foster a warm and damp environment in which the mosquitos that can give people this disease can grow. Malaria is much less of a problem in high-altitude deserts, for instance.
地理位置在特定人群的健康问题中扮演着重要角色。例如，取决于你生活在哪里，你与居住在另外一个地理区域的人将会有着不同的健康困扰。或许这一观点最明显的证据之一就是那些疟疾高发区域。它们通常都是热带地区，造就了温暖潮湿的环境，滋生能够给人类带来这种疾病的蚊子。疟疾在高纬度沙漠这样的地方就不算是一个重大问题。
段落C
In some countries, geographical factors influence the health and well-being of the population in very obvious ways. In many large cities, the wind is not strong enough to clear the air of the massive amounts of smog and pollution that cause asthma, lung problems, eyesight issues and more in the people who live there. Part of the problem is, of course, the massive number of cars being driven, in addition to factories that run on coal power. The rapid industrialization of some countries in recent years has also led to the cutting down of forests to allow for the expansion of big cities, which makes it even harder to fight the pollution with the fresh air that is produced by plants.
在一些国家，地理因素以十分明显的方式影响着人群的健康。在许多大城市，风力不足以清除空气中的大量雾霾和污染。它们给居住在那里的人造成哮喘、肺部疾病、视力问题和许多其他疾病。当然，这一问题的部分原因文章来自老烤鸭雅思在于路上行驶的大量汽车，以及依赖煤炭能源的工厂。近年来一些国家迅速的工业化也造成森林被大量砍伐，以便为大城市的扩展腾出空间。如此一来，想要靠植物制造的新鲜空气来对抗污染就变得愈发的困难。
段落D
It is in situations like these that the field of health geography comes into its own. It is an increasingly important area of study in a world where diseases like polio are re-emerging, respiratory diseases continue to spread, and malaria-prone areas are still fighting to find a better cure. Health geography is the combination of, on the one hand, knowledge regarding geography and methods used to analyse and interpret geographical information, and on the other, the study of health, diseases and healthcare practices around the world. The aim of this hybrid science is to create solutions for common geography-based health problems. While people will always be prone to illness, the study of how geography affects our health could lead to the eradication of certain illnesses, and the prevention of others in the future. By understanding why and how we get sick, we can change the way we treat illness and disease specific to certain geographical locations.
正是在这样一些情况下，健康地理这一领域应运而生。它的重要性在如今这个世界日益增长。诸如小儿麻痹之类的疾病又在重新冒头，呼吸系统疾病在持续不断地传播，疟疾肆虐的地区还在努力寻找更好的治疗方案。健康地理学一方面结合地理知识和用于分析解读地理信息的方法，另一方面又包括对世界范围内健康、疾病和医疗实践的研究。这一混合科学的目的是为那些常见的基于地理因素的健康问题提供解决方案。虽然人们总会得病，但研究地理如何影响我们的健康能够消除特定的疾病，并在未来预防其他疾病。通过弄清楚我们为什么以及如何得病，我们可以改变治疗某些地理区域所特有的疾病的方法。
段落E
The geography of disease and ill health analyses the frequency with which certain diseases appear in different parts of the world, and overlays the data with the geography of the region, to see if there could be a correlation between the two. Health geographers also study factors that could make certain individuals or a population more likely to be taken ill with a specific health concern or disease, as compared with the population of another area. Health geographers in this field are usually trained as healthcare workers, and have an understanding of basic epidemiology as it relates to the spread of diseases among the population.
疾病和亚健康地理会分析某些特定疾病出现在世界上不同区域的频率，并将这些数据与该地区的地理特征将叠加，以研究两者之间是否存在关系。健康地理学家也会通过与其他地区的人口进行对比，研究使得特定个体或群体更容易遭受某种健康问题困扰或染上某种疾病的因素。这一领域的健康地理学家通常会作为医务人员接受训练，并且懂得传染学的基本知识，因为它与疾病在人群中的传播有关。
段落F
Researchers study the interactions between humans and their environment that could lead to illness (such as asthma in places with high levels of pollution) and work to create a clear way of categorizing illnesses, diseases and epidemics into local and global scales. Health geographers can map the spread of illnesses and attempt to identify the reasons behind an increase or decrease in illnesses, as they work to find a way to halt the further spread or re-emergence of diseases in vulnerable populations.
研究者会研究那些可能引发疾病的、人类与环境之间的相互影响（例如高污染地区的哮喘），并创造一种清晰的方式，将疾病、疫情和传染病按照本地和全球的规模进行分类。健康地理学家在寻找方法阻止疾病在易感染人群中的进一步传播或重新冒头时，会绘制疾病传播的地图，并试图找出疾病上升或者下降背后的因素。
段落G
The second subcategory of health geography is the geography of healthcare provision. This group studies the availability (or lack thereof) of healthcare resources to individuals and populations around the world. In both developed and developing nations there is often a very large discrepancy between the options available to people in different social classes, income brackets, and levels of education. Individuals working in the area of the geography of healthcare provision attempt to assess the levels of healthcare in the area (for instance, it may be very difficult for people to get medical attention because there is a mountain between their village and the nearest hospital). These researchers are on the frontline of making recommendations regarding policy to international organisations, local government bodies and others.
健康地理学的第二个分支是健康医疗资源供给的地理特性。它研究世界各地的个体和群体是否享有（或缺乏）医疗资源。无论是在发达国家还是在发展中国家，不同社会阶层、收入水平和教育程度的人群所拥有的选择往往存在巨大差异。健康医疗供给地理学领域的研究者试图评估该区域的医疗保障水平（例如，如果人们居住的村庄与最近的医院之间隔着一座大山的话，他们想要获得医疗照料就是一件非常困难的事情）。这些研究者工作在第一线，为国际组织、当地政府和其他机构的政策提供建议。
段落H
The field of health geography is often overlooked, but it constitutes a huge area of need in the fields of geography and healthcare. If we can understand how geography affects our health no matter where in the world we are located, we can better treat disease, prevent illness, and keep people safe and well.
健康地理学这一领域经常受到忽视，但它在地理学和医疗领域存在巨大的需求。如果无论我们处于世界何处，都能够理解地理影响我们健康的方式，那么我们就可以更好的治疗和预防疾病，保障人们的健康和安全。
剑桥雅思12Test7Passage1阅读原文翻译 Flying tortoises 飞翔的乌龟
剑桥雅思12Test7Passage3阅读原文翻译 Music and the emotions 音乐与情感
