剑桥雅思8Test2阅读Passage3原文翻译 The meaning and power of smell 气味的意义与力量
剑桥雅思8阅读第二套题目第三篇文章的主题为气味的意义与力量。文章共分为6段，分别介绍了气味与感觉之间的联系，在人际关系中的作用，为什么它不受重视，讨论气味的难点，未来对气味的研究，以及气味在定义人群中的作用。下面是具体每一段的翻译。
点击查看这篇雅思阅读中需要大家掌握的重点词汇与具体题目的答案解析：
雅思真题阅读词汇 剑桥雅思8 test 2 passage 3 气味的意义和力量
剑桥雅思8Test2阅读Passage3答案解析 The meaning and power of smell 气味的意义与力量
剑桥雅思8 Test2 Passage 3阅读原文翻译
引言
The sense of smell, or olfaction, is powerful. Odours affect us on a physical, psychological and social level. For the most part, however, we breathe in the aromas which surround us without being consciously aware of their importance to us. It is only when the faculty of smell is impaired for some reason that we begin to realise the essential role the sense of smell plays in our sense of well-being
嗅觉很强。气味会在身体，心理和社会层面上影响我们。然而，在大多数情况下，我们会呼吸周围的香气，却没有意识到它们对我们的重要性。只有当嗅觉能力因某种原因而受损时，我们才开始意识到嗅觉在我们的幸福感中所起的至关重要的作用。
自然段A
A survey conducted by Anthony Synott at Montreal’s Concordia University asked participants to comment on how important smell was to them in their lives. It became apparent that smell can evoke strong emotional responses. A scent associated with a good experience can bring a rush of joy, while a foul odour or one associated with a bad memory may make us grimace with disgust. Respondents to the survey noted that many of their olfactory likes and dislikes were based on emotional associations. Such associations can be powerful enough so that odours that we would generally label unpleasant become agreeable, and those that we would generally consider fragrant become disagreeable for particular individuals. The perception of smell, therefore, consists not only of the sensation of the odours themselves, but of the experiences and emotions associated with them.
一项由蒙特利尔康科迪亚大学的Anthony Synott所进行的研究，请参与者评论气味在他们的日常生活中有多么重要。很明显，气味会引起强烈的情感反应。与良好体验相关的气味会带来喜悦，而难闻的气味文章来自老烤鸭雅思或与不良记忆相关的气味可能使我们感到厌恶。接受调查的受访者指出，他们的许多嗅觉喜好都基于情感联系。这种关联足够强大，哪怕是我们普遍认为不愉悦的气味也会变得可以接受，而那些我们普遍认为芳香的气味也会也因为特定的人而变得令人不快。因此，嗅觉不仅包括气味本身的感觉，还包括与之相关的经验和情感。
自然段B
Odours are also essential cues in social bonding. One respondent to the survey believed that there is no true emotional bonding without touching and smelling a loved one. In fact, infants recognise the odours of their mothers soon after birth and adults can often identify their children or spouses by scent. In one well-known test, women and men were able to distinguish by smell alone clothing worn by their marriage partners from similar clothing worn by other people. Most of the subjects would probably never have given much thought to odour as a cue for identifying family members before being involved in the test, but as the experiment revealed, even when not consciously considered, smells register.
气味也是社交联系中必不可少的线索。一位接受调查的受访者认为，没有触摸和闻到爱人的气味，就没有真正的情感联系。实际上，婴儿在出生后不久便会认出母亲的气味，而成年人通常可以通过气味识别孩子或配偶。在一项众所周知的测试中，男女能够单独通过气味区分其配偶所穿的衣服与其他人所穿的相似衣物。大多数受试者在参与测试之前可能从来没有考虑过气味作为识别家庭成员的线索，但是正如实验所揭示的，即使没有有意识地考虑，气味仍然会有印记。
自然段C
In spite of its importance to our emotional and sensory lives, smell is probably the most undervalued sense in many cultures. The reason often given for the low regard in which smell is held is that, in comparison with its importance among animals, the human sense of smell is feeble and undeveloped. While it is true that the olfactory powers of humans are nothing like as fine as those possessed by certain animals, they are still remarkably acute. Our noses are able to recognise thousands of smells, and to perceive odours which are present only in extremely small quantities.
尽管气味对我们的情感和感官生活很重要，但它可能是许多文化中最被低估的感觉。人们经常不重视气味的原因是，与它在动物中的重要性相比，人类的嗅觉微弱并且不发达。虽然人类的嗅觉能力确实不如某些动物所拥有的嗅觉能力强，但它们仍然非常敏锐。我们的鼻子能够识别成千上万种气味，并能感知到极少量的气味。
自然段D
Smell, however, is a highly elusive phenomenon. Odours, unlike colours, for instance, cannot be named in many languages because the specific vocabulary simply doesn’t exist. ‘It smells like. . . , ‘ we have to say when describing an odour, struggling to express our olfactory experience. Nor can odours be recorded: there is no effective way to either capture or store them over time. In the realm of olfaction, we must make do with descriptions and recollections. This has implications for olfactory research.
然而，气味是一种高度难以捉摸的现象。例如，与颜色不同，因为特定的词汇根本就不存在，气味在许多语言中无法被命名。“它闻起来像…”，我们在描述气味时必须这么说，努力表达我们的嗅觉体验。同时，我们也无法记录气味：没有有效的方法可以捕获或长时间存储它们。在嗅觉领域，我们只能依赖描述和回忆。这对嗅觉研究有影响。
自然段E
Most of the research on smell undertaken to date has been of a physical scientific nature. Significant advances have been made in the understanding of the biological and chemical nature of olfaction, but many fundamental questions have yet to be answered. Researchers have still to decide whether smell is one sense or two – one responding to odours proper and the other registering odourless chemicals in the air. Other unanswered questions are whether the nose is the only part of the body affected by odours, and how smells can be measured objectively given the nonphysical components. Questions like these mean that interest in the psychology of smell is inevitably set to play an increasingly important role for researchers.
迄今为止，大多数有关气味的研究都是物理学性质的。在了解嗅觉的生物学和化学本质方面已取得重大进展，但许多基本问题尚待解答。研究人员仍需确定气味是一种感觉还是两种感觉-一种是对适当气味的响应，另一种是记录空气中无味的化学物质。其他未解决的问题是，鼻子是否是受气味影响的唯一身体部位，以及在非实体的情况下如何客观地测量气味。诸如此类的问题意味着，对嗅觉心理学的兴趣将不可避免地对研究人员发挥越来越重要的作用。
自然段F
However, smell is not simply a biological and psychological phenomenon. Smell is cultural, hence it is a social and historical phenomenon. Odours are invested with cultural values: smells that are considered to be offensive in some cultures may be perfectly acceptable in others. Therefore, our sense of smell is a means of, and model for, interacting with the world. Different smells can provide us with intimate and emotionally charged experiences and the value that we attach to these experiences is interiorised by the members of society in a deeply personal way. Importantly, our commonly held feelings about smells can help distinguish us from other cultures. The study of the cultural history of smell is, therefore, in a very real sense, an investigation into the essence of human culture.
但是，气味不仅仅是一种生物学和心理现象。气味是文化的，因此它也是一种社会和历史现象。气味蕴含文化价值：在某些文化中被认为惹人讨厌的气味在另外一些文化中则完全可以被接受。因此，我们的嗅觉是与世界互动的手段和模型。不同的气味能为我们提供亲密和充满激情的体验，而附加在这些体验之上的价值被社会成员以一种非常私人化的方式内化。重要的是，我们对气味的普遍理解可以帮助我们将自身与其他文化区分开来。因此，从真正意义上讲，对气味文化历史的研究是对人类文化本质的研究。
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