剑桥雅思6Test3阅读Passage2答案解析 Motivating Employees under Adverse Conditions 在不利情况下激励员工
剑桥雅思6阅读第三套题目第二篇文章的14道题由5道段落标题匹配,6道YES/NO/NOT GIVEN判断,以及3道特点匹配题构成。单从题目来看难度偏大。但因为文章结构清晰,而且每一段的重点都很明确,又给我们在原文中定位减少了一些困难。大家做完之后可以对照雅思阅读评分标准,看看自己能得多少分。下面是具体每道题目的答案解析。
点击查看这篇雅思阅读中需要大家掌握的重点词汇以及对应的原文翻译:
雅思真题阅读词汇 剑桥雅思6 test 3 passage 2 激励员工
剑桥雅思6Test3阅读Passage2原文翻译 Motivating Employees under Adverse Conditions 在逆境中激励员工
剑桥雅思6 Test 3 Passage 2阅读答案解析
第14题答案:vii
对应原文:要点二:The literature on goal-setting theory suggests that managers should ensure that all employees have specific goals and receive comments on how well they are doing in those goals.
答案解析:原文提到“经理应该确保所有员工都有明确的目标,并且可以他们做的如何的评价”。vii选项中的targets和feedback正好与原文中的goals和comments对应,由此确定答案。
第15题答案:iii
对应原文:要点三:Regardless of whether goals are achievable or well within management’s perceptions of the employee’s ability, if employees see them as unachievable they will reduce their effort.
答案解析:原文提到“无论目标是否可以实现,或者是否在经文章来自老烤鸭雅思理对员工能力的认知范围内,一旦员工觉得它们无法完成,他们就会减少自己的努力”。即设定的目标要符合实际才最好,对应iii选项。
第16题答案:ii
对应原文:要点四: Managers could use their knowledge of each employee to personalise the rewards over which they have control.
答案解析:原文提到“经理应该利用他们对每个员工的了解将他们所能控制的奖励个性化”。即奖励要跟个人相匹配才行,由此确定答案为ii。
第17题答案:iv
对应原文:要点五:Managers need to make rewards contingent on performance.
答案解析:原文提到“经理需要根据表现来给予奖励”。其中contingent on在iv选项中被替换为link,performance被替换为achievement,由此确定答案为iv
第18题答案:i
对应原文:要点六:The way rewards are distributed should be transparent so that employees perceive that rewards or outcomes are equitable and equal to the inputs given.
答案解析:原文提到“奖励分配的方式应该透明,以便员工可以意识到奖励和结果是公平的,与投入相匹配”。其中equitable被替换为fair,因此确定答案为i。
第19题答案:NO
对应原文:挑战第1段:When an organisation is shrinking, the best and most mobile workers are prone to leave voluntarily.
答案解析:从原文中可以得知,当一个组织衰退是,首先流失的是最好、最具有流动性的员工。题干中的less skilled employees与此完全相反,因此确定为NO。
第20题答案:NOT GIVEN
对应原文:要点一:For example, if the job is running a small business or an autonomous unit within a larger business, high achievers should be sought. However, if the job to be filled is a managerial post in a large bureaucratic organisation, a candidate who has a high need for power and a low need for affiliation should be selected.
答案解析:根据small business和large business定位到这一段,但原文中只是在描述小型企业和大型企业分别适合什么样的人。并没有提到任何两种组织运营难度的问题。因此确定答案为NOT GIVEN。
第21题答案:NO
对应原文:要点一:High achievers will do best when the job provides moderately challenging goals and where there is independence and feedback.
答案解析:原文中提到高成就者在拥有独立性的时候会做的最好。而题干中的team work与independence完全相反,因此判断答案为NO。
第22题答案:YES
对应原文:要点二:If participation and the culture are incongruous, employees are likely to perceive the participation process as manipulative and be negatively affected by it.
答案解析:原文中提到“如果参与和公司文化不一致,员工可能会觉得参与过程受到操控,并受到消极的影响”。题干用了some employees对应参与和公司文化不一致这种情况,其他信息点在原文中都基本原词出现,因此判断答案为YES。
第23题答案:NOT GIVEN
对应原文:要点三:For managers, this means that employees must have the capability of doing the job and must regard the appraisal process as valid.
答案解析:根据appraisal定位到这一段。但原文中只是提到员工必须认为奖励过程是有效的,至于其是否参与到奖励的设计过程则完全没有明说,因此判断答案为NOT GIVEN。
第24题答案:YES
对应原文:要点五:… by openly communicating everyone’s remuneration, publicising performance bonuses and allocating annual salary increases in a lump sum rather than …
答案解析:原文中提到应该公开交流每个人的收入。这与题干中“员工的收入应该被披露给组织中的每个人”完全对应,因此确定答案为YES。
第25题答案:B
对应原文:要点二:For those with high achievement needs, typically a minority in any organisation, the existence of external goals is less important
答案解析:high achievers主要出现在要点一和要点二中。要点一主要在说明他们适合什么样的组织机构。而要点二则提到对于他们而言,外部目标的存在不那么重要,即他们不怎么需要外部目标。由此确定B为答案。
第26题答案:C
对应原文:要点六:the clerical workers considered factors such as quality of work performed and job knowledge near the top of their list
答案解析:根据clerical workers将目光锁定在要点六。原文中提到文职人员更加注重工作质量和工作知识,由此确定C为答案。
第27题答案:A
对应原文:要点六:For example, production workers rated advancement very highly
答案解析:原文提到,生产员工将晋升因素列的非常高。advancement与promotion同义替换,由此确定答案为A。
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