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剑桥雅思5 Test 1阅读Passage 2答案解析 Nature or Nurture 心理学实验 剑桥雅 […]

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剑桥雅思5 Test 1阅读Passage 2答案解析 Nature or Nurture 心理学实验

剑桥雅思5第一套试题阅读第二篇文章的13道题目由6道段落信息匹配题,3道单项选择题,4道TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN构成。难度相对较大。尤其是段落信息匹配题,非得要大家通读原文才行,这对于阅读速度比较慢的同学来说是个很大的挑战(雅思阅读做不完怎么办 四大原因与解决方案)。下面让我们看看具体每一道题目的解析。

点击查看这篇雅思阅读需要大家掌握的重点词汇以及对应的原文翻译

雅思真题阅读词汇 剑桥雅思5 test 1 passage 2 心理学实验

剑桥雅思5 Test 1阅读Passage 2原文翻译 Nature or Nurture 服从实验

剑桥雅思5 Test 1 Passage 2阅读答案解析

第14题答案:F

对应原文:F段:Milgram’s teacher-subjects were just following a genetic need to discharge this pent-up primal urge onto the pupil by administering the electrical shock

解析:对实验对象行为的具体解释主要是F,G和H三段,其中F段将的是基因的问题,对应题干中的biological,而G段和H段则主要说是社会环境的影响。由此确定答案为F

第15题答案:A

对应原文:A段:Specifically, Milgram told each volunteer ‘teacher-subject’ that the experiment was in the noble cause of education

解析:关于实验的介绍主要出现在前三段,而B段和C段以实验步骤为主。因此我们先看A段,如果实在找不到对应内容再去看B段和C段,结果发现A段中的In the noble cause of education,即实验室为了教育的高尚目的,与题干中的explanation能够对应,因此确定答案。

第16题答案:B

对应原文:B段:The supposed ‘pupil’ was in reality an actor hired by Milgram

解析:跟上面一样,对实验素材的介绍应该在开头部分,A段已经选过,题干文章来自老烤鸭雅思中也没有说明有选项可以使用两次,因此直接排除。将注意力集中在B段和C段,发现B段中间提到学生其实是演员,对应identity一词,由此确定答案。

第17题答案:D

对应原文:D段:The psychiatrists felt that ‘most subjects would not go beyond 150 volts’ and they further anticipated that only four per cent would go up to 300 volts. Furthermore, they thought that only a lunatic fringe of about one in 1,000 would give the highest shock of 450 volts.

解析:整个D段都是在说精神科医生预测的事情。当然大家也可以根据题干中的statistical一词去文章中寻找百分比,进而确定答案。

第18题答案:I

对应原文:I段:This, in essence, is the problem of modern sociobiology – to discover the degree to which hard-wired genetic programming dictates…

解析:sociobiology在最后几段才出现。根据14题的分析,F段,G段和H段都在解释实验对象的具体行为,不像是有这种总结性质的东西,因此我们先从I段看起,发现其中的破折号和to discover跟题干中的general aim对应,由此确定答案。

第19题答案:C

对应原文:C段: Many of the teacher-subjects balked at administering the higher levels of punishment…Milgram calmly explained that the teacher-subject was to ignore the pupil’s cries for mercy and carry on with the experiment…

解析:这道题目相对要简单一些,C段的后大半部分几乎都是在解释当实验对象出现犹豫的时候,米尔格拉姆如何劝说他们继续,跟题干中的Persuade对应,由此确定答案。

第20题答案:B

对应原文:A段:…punishing pupils for their mistakes would have a positive effect on the pupils’ ability to learn.

解析:A选项中450伏危险是已经表明的,不需要测试。C选项和D选项完全没有提到。B选项中的punishment跟learn都是原词重现,help也可以被认为是positive effect的同义替换,由此确定B是答案。

第21题答案:D

对应原文:B段: The teacher-subject was told that whenever the pupil gave the wrong answer to a question, a shock was to be administered, beginning at the lowest level and increasing in severity with each successive wrong answer

解析:选项A完全没有提到。实验过程中是学生指责实验者,而非相反,因此B选项也排除。C选项错在降低电击水平上,原文中只提到了升高,是否降低我们不得而知。而D选项中的punishment就对应电击,而且原文中也明确说了实行电击的规则。由此确定答案。

第22题答案:C

对应原文:D段:The overwhelming consensus was that virtually all the teacher-subjects would refuse to obey the experimenter.

E段:What were the actual results? Well, over 60 per cent of the teacher-subjects continued to obey Milgram up to the 450-volt limit!

解析:A选项没提到,B选项中的fali to agree与原文中consensus相反,也排除。原文中说精神科医生认为几乎所有人都会拒绝实行电击,而实际结果则是有60%的人都采用了450伏的电击。也就是说他们低估了实验对象的意愿,因此确定答案为C。

第23题答案:NOT GIVEN

对应原文:Stanley Milgram of Yale University tested 40 subjects from all walks of life for their willingness to obey instructions…

解析:文章只在第一段介绍实验设计人员身份的时候提到了耶鲁大学,并说明实验对象来自各行各业,但并没有提到是否包含耶鲁大学的学生,因此判断为NOT GIVEN

第24题答案:TRUE

对应原文:F段:A modern hard-core sociobiologist might even go so far as to claim that this aggressive instinct evolved as an advantageous trait, having been of survival value to our ancestors…

解析:题干前半部分基本都是废话,判断的关键在于是否存在positive survival mechnism,而这正好与原文中的sruvival value, advantageous trait对应,因此确定答案。

第25题答案:FALSE

对应原文:H段:… surrendering individual properties like loyalty, self-sacrifice and discipline to the service of malevolent systems of authority.

解析:sociological explanation在原文中的G段和H段出现,题干中的personal value和原文中的individual properties对应,authority原词出现。但原文中说的是个人品质屈服于权威,而非相反,因此判断为FALSE

第26题答案:FALSE

对应原文:I段:Here we have two radically different explanations…The problem…is to sort out which of these two polar explanations is more plausible.

解析:根据原文中的说法,我们尚不能分辨实验结果的两种解释究竟哪个对,也就是说还有待解答。这与题干中的solve完全相反,因此判断答案为FALSE

剑桥雅思5 Test 1阅读Passage 1答案解析 约翰逊字典 Johnson’s Dictionary

剑桥雅思5 Test 1阅读Passage 3答案解析 环境问题的真相 The Truth about the Environment

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