剑桥雅思5 test 4大作文考官范文解析 nature or nurture
这篇雅思写作大作文要求大家探讨的话题比较常规，即天生特点和后天培养究竟哪个对个人发展和性格更有影响，也就是英语中常说的nature v.s nurture的问题。
类型上来看，它可以勉强归入到优缺点比较里。文章结构一般为四段。一段开头，一段结尾，另外两段分别站在nature和nurture的角度进行叙述。至于立场，大家既可以认为natue比较重要，也可以认为nurture比较重要，还可以综合两方观点。只要行文前后保持一致即可。下面让我们来看看考官是如何解答这一问题的。
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剑桥雅思5 test 4大作文题目
Research indicates that the characteristics we are born with have much more influence on our personality and development than any experiences we may have in our life.
Which do you consider to be the major influence?
剑桥雅思5 test 4大作文范文
Today the way we consider human psychology and mental development is heavily influenced by the genetic sciences. We now understand the importance of inherited characteristics more than ever before. Yet we are still unable to decide whether an individual’s personality and development are more influenced by genetic factors (nature) or by the environment (nurture).
Research, relating to identical twins, has highlighted how significant inherited characteristics can be for an individual’s life. But whether these characteristics are able to develop within the personality of an individual surely depends on whether the circumstances allow such a development. It seems that the experiences we have in life are so unpredictable and so powerful, that they can boost or over-ride other influences, and there seems to be plenty of research findings to confirm this.
My own view is that there is no one major influence in a person’s life. Instead, the traits we inherit from our parents and the situations and experiences that we encounter in life are constantly interacting. It is the interaction of the two that shapes a person’s personality and dictates how that personality develops. If this were not true, then we would be able to predict the behavior and character of a person from the moment they were born.
In conclusion, I do not think that either nature or nurture is the major influence on a person, but that both have powerful effects. How these factors interact is still unknown today and they remain largely unpredictable in a person’s life.
剑桥雅思5 test 4考官范文解析
Task Response
1. 文章全面回答了题目中的问题。第一自然段首先说明现代科学进步加深了我们对天生资质重要性的理解，但我们仍然无法决定基因和环境到底哪个拥有更大的影响。第二自然段承接上文，先强调基因的重要性，但接下来转折，说明基因的发挥很大程度上取决于环境。第三自然段表明自己的观点，认为两个因素互相作用才是真实情况。最后一段重申自己的观点：两者都很重要。
2. 文章对自己的观点进行了充分的阐述。从现代科学说明基因的重要性出发，转到基因的作用受环境限制，再进一步阐述自己认为两者其实相互作用。整篇文章层层推进。
Coherence and Cohesion
1. 文章分段比较合理。分别说明天生资质的重要，资质受环境的影响，两者相互作用，最后得出结论。值得注意的是，这篇文章并没有采用我们在文章开头所说的两个主体段分别阐述两方观点的结构，但仍然受到雅思官方的认可。可见雅思写作大作文其实没有什么定式可言，只要结构合理即可。
2. 这篇文章更多的使用逻辑连接的方式，即句子与句子之间自然推进，没有跳跃，或者说下一句话中的主要成分在上一句话中都出现过。除此之外，文章还用了一些非常规的连接词，如第一自然段的yet，第三自然段的instead等。
Lexical Resource
文章用词十分灵活。几乎没有出现重复的词汇，展示了作者丰富的积累。比如“天生”这一意思就分别用了genetic, inherited, nature, 而“后天”则分别用了environment, nurture, circumstances等。参见下面的“高分词汇短语总结”部分。
Grammatical Range and Accuracy
1. 作为雅思官方给出的范文，这篇文章肯定不存在任何语法错误。
2. 整篇文章除了第二句话是简单句之外，其他所有句子都出现了从句。如第一段中的the way we consider, whether引导的宾语从句等。但是，参考之前我们分析过的雅思写作考官范文，这并不意味着只有使用特别复杂的从句才能在雅思写作中取得高分，更重要的是句子结构的变化。
剑桥雅思5 test 4高分词汇短语总结
be heavily influenced by 深受…的影响
inherited characteristics 遗产下来的特点
identical adj. 完全相同的
highlight v. 突出，强调。
circumstance n. 环境。
boost v. 推动，加深。
over-ride v. 推翻。
encounter v. 遇到，遭遇。
dictate v. 决定，规定。
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